
BMD TEST is also known as
Bone Mineral Densitometry, also commonly referred to as BMD, is the examination that uses a special machine to scan the lower spine and hips, to assess for possible osteoporosis or reduced bone density.
DEXA uses low-dose x-rays.
A bone mineral density (BMD) test measures how much calcium and other types of minerals are there in an area of your bone. This test helps to detect osteoporosis
Post menopausal women Men above 50 years
Breaking a bone, especially after age 50, may be a sign that you’re at greater risk. Porous (less dense) bones break more easily.
History of hormone treatment for prostate cancer or breast cancer Taking thyroid hormone replacement Some medications, such as the steroid , cancer drugs, and drugs used after an organ transplant can weaken your bones.
Early menopause (either from natural causes or surgery) Many chronic medical disorders can make your bones more likely to break - Risky conditions include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, liver disease and kidney disease. Three or more drinks of alcohol a day on most days
Track bone health changes over time - Diagnose bone loss ( osteopenia ) and osteoporosis . Monitor your response to treatment, such as an osteoporosis medication . Predict your risk of future bone fractures . Evaluate body composition , such as how much fat and muscle mass your body has (and where) . The new Advanced Body Composition feature measures the distribution of fat mass,lean mass and total mass for the entire body translating the information into an easy to interpret report for improved patient weight management and counselling.
Current practice recommends BMD testing maybe done every 1 or 2 years.
Medical experts consider DEXA scans the“gold standard” for diagnosing osteoporosis and fracture risk.
Many individuals lose bone density as they age.
But that doesn’t mean you have to accept fragile bones simply as a reality of getting older.
It is never too early to learn how to take care of your bones!
Do a DEXA scan to help assess your bone health today.
Then , take steps you can to protect your bones for years to come.
( An initiative of Pulse preventive medicine best practices )
Osteoporosis is a term used to describe brittle bones . Osteoporosis literally means “porous bone.” Osteoporosis results when you tend to lose bone faster than your body can create new bone tissue. Brittle bones break more easily.
Osteoporosis is defined by the WHO ( WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ) as a bone mineral density of 2.5 SD or more below the mean peak bone mass ( average of young healthy adults) as measured by DEXA (DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY)
Osteoporosis is the commonest metabolic bone disease in clinical practice .
It’s prevalence in our country is increasing due to ageing population .
It is mandatory to diagnose and treat osteoporosis, much before the occurrence of fracture .
Osteoporosis is considered a “silent” disease because it doesn’t hurt. Many people first realize they have osteoporosis after they break a bone from a minor fall.
In India, around 50 million people are estimated to be either osteoporotic with less than T-score 2.5 or have a low bone mass with T-Score ranging between 1 to 2.5.
Osteoporosis is one of the major health problems faced by the Indian population and therefore requires immediate attention by the medical and public health community.
However, compared to women, a low T-score in men indicates higher vulnerability to osteoporosis. Few studies conducted in India also suggests the risk of fracture due to osteoporosis is quite high in men.
In a country like India, most of the osteoporotic cases go untreated and even undiagnosed. Therefore, it is necessary for both men and post-menopausal women to have adequate measures to prevent osteoporosis in later years in life.
Worldwide, it is estimated that after the age of 50 one in three women will experience osteoporotic fractures, as well as one in five men. It is estimated that globally there is one osteoporotic fracture that occurs every three seconds.
Losing bone is a normal part of ageing, but some people lose bone much faster than normal. This can lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of broken bones. Women also lose bone rapidly in the first few years after the menopause. Women are more at risk of osteoporosis than men, particularly if the menopause begins early (before the age of 45) or they've had their ovaries removed.
However osteoporosis can also affect men, younger women and children. Many other factors can also increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, including:
A bone density test is used mainly to diagnose osteoporosis .
Standard X-rays may show weakened bones. But at the point when bone weakness can be seen on standard X-rays, it may be too far advanced to treat. Bone densitometry testing can find decreasing bone density and strength at a much earlier stage when treatment can be beneficial.
Biphosphonates
Bone strengthening medications( on advice of your
consultant doctor )
A bone density test is used to measure bone mineral content and density. The DEXA scan is considered the "gold standard" or most accurate test. It uses very low levels of x-rays to measure how dense your bones are.
A bone density test determines the bone mineral density (BMD). Your BMD is compared to 2 norms—healthy young adults (your T-score) and age-matched adults (your Z-score). First, your BMD result is compared with the BMD results from healthy 25- to 35-year-old adults of your same sex and ethnicity. The standard deviation (SD) is the difference between your BMD and that of the healthy young adults. This result is your T SCORE. Positive T-scores indicate the bone is stronger than normal; negative T-scores indicate the bone is weaker than normal.
According to the World Health Organization, osteoporosis is defined based on the following bone density levels:
A T-score within 1 SD (+1 or -1) of the young adult mean indicates normal bone density.
A T-score of 1 to 2.5 SD below the young adult mean (-1 to -2.5 SD) indicates low bone mass ,osteopenia.
A T-score of 2.5 SD or more below the young adult mean (more than -2.5 SD) indicates the presence of osteoporosis.
In general, the risk for bone fracture doubles with every SD below normal. Thus, a person with a BMD of 1 SD below normal has twice the risk for bone fracture as a person with a normal BMD.
Secondly, your BMD is compared to an age-matched norm. This is called your Z-SCORE. Z-scores are calculated in the same way, but the comparisons are made to someone of your age, sex, race, height, and weight.